History of Artificial Intelligence

Old 90s and AI

Many believe that Alan Turing’s 1950 publication of “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” marks the beginning of artificial intelligence. “I propose to address the topic, Can machines think?” Turing opened his article. It then presented a case study that became known as a Turing Test. In his theory, Turing argued that a computer would qualify as intelligent if a person could not tell it apart from a human being.

1st introduction of AI

The Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence, organised by John McCarthy and Marvin Minsky, was the first meeting on artificial intelligence (DSRPAI). It established the groundwork for several decades of additional study by persuading computer scientists that artificial intelligence was a feasible objective. Early attempts at AI also led to the creation of chess and checker-playing bots. In addition, robotics and other problem-solving software applications were developed in the 1960s. The development of ELIZA, a software that mimicked psychotherapy and offered an early illustration of human-machine communication, was one noteworthy accomplishment.

AI research and development continued, albeit more slowly, in the 1970s and 1980s. Significant results, particularly in robotics, led to the development of walking and seeing robots. Additionally, Mercedes-Benz unveiled the first (very constrained) autonomous automobile. However, there was a time known as the “AI winter” when government funding for AI research dropped sharply.

In the 1990s, interest in AI increased once more. Natural language processing may result in human-computer dialogue that seems far more realistic than what was feasible with ELIZA, as the Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity (ALICE) chatbot showed. The first recurrent neural network design was created during this decade, and an increase in analytical methods that would eventually serve as the foundation for AI research was also seen. The IBM Deep Blue chess AI, the first to defeat the reigning world champion, was also released in this decade.

Introduction of Siri, Alexa and Cortana

In the early 2000s, robots saw a fast innovation wave. The first Roombas started sweeping carpets, while NASA-launched robots started exploring Mars. Google was developing a driverless car closer to home.

The exponential growth of AI technologies since 2010 has been notable. Technology and software development made it feasible for voice assistants, object recognition, and natural language processing. Watson from IBM won Jeopardy. With the creation of Siri, Alexa, and Cortana, chatbots have become commonplace in contemporary retail. AlphaGo from Google DeepMind defeated human Go champions. And businesses across all sectors have started implementing AI solutions to assist them in data analysis and success.

Today, more sophisticated applications of AI are starting to emerge as it moves past some of the earlier, more constrained forms.

What is artificial intelligence?

Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to a computer or a robot controlled by a computer’s capacity to carry out tasks that people typically perform since they call for human intelligence and judgement. Although no AI can accomplish a typical person’s entire range of jobs, specific AIs can compete with humans in some areas. For example, even the most complex insect behaviour is never seen as a sign of intelligence, while all but the most basic human behaviour is attributed to intelligence. What is the distinction? Take the digging wasp, Sphex ichneumoneus, as one example. When the female wasp brings food back to her burrow, she first places it on the threshold, looks inside for intruders, and only then, if everything is well, brings her food inside. If the food is moved a few inches from the burrow entrance while the wasp is inside, the true nature of her innate behaviour is revealed: upon her exit, she will repeat the same process every time the food is relocated.

Learning about Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The first thing that comes to most people’s minds when they hear the word artificial intelligence is often robots. That’s because high-profile movies and books frequently include human-like robots that bring havoc on Earth. But the opposite is true. Artificial intelligence is founded on the idea that human intellect can be described in a way that makes it simple for a computer to duplicate and carry out activities of any complexity. Artificial intelligence aims to emulate cognitive processes in humans.
Regarding concretely defining processes like learning, reasoning, and perception, researchers and developers in the area are making unexpectedly quick progress. As a result, inventors could soon create systems that are better than humans and are now capable of learning or understanding. Others, however, continue to hold this view since all cognitive processes involve value judgements influenced by human experience. Furthermore, the criteria used to define artificial intelligence in the past are becoming obsolete as technology develops. For instance, machines that perform simple calculations or optical character recognition on text are no longer seen as embodying artificial intelligence since we now consider these capabilities part of any computer.

AI is constantly developing for the good of several sectors. A multidisciplinary method based on mathematics, computer science, linguistics, psychology, and other fields is used for wiring machines.

Artificial intelligence applications

Artificial intelligence has a plethora of uses. The technique may be used in a wide range of businesses and areas. For example, AI is being studied and deployed in the healthcare sector to provide medication dosages, disperse various therapies suited to individual patients, and support surgical procedures in the operating room.

Other instances of artificially intelligent devices are chess-playing computers and self-driving automobiles. Each of these machines must consider the effects of every decision since every action impacts the outcome. The goal in chess is to win the game. For self-driving cars to function in a way that avoids collisions, the computer system must calculate all external data and consider it.

Artificial intelligence is used in the banking and finance sectors to identify and flag suspicious behaviour, such as odd debit card use and significant account deposits, which benefit a bank’s fraud department. AI applications are also being utilised to facilitate and ease trade. This is accomplished by simplifying securities’ supply, demand, and pricing estimation.

Artificial intelligence (AI) Types

Weak and powerful artificial intelligence falls into two main types. Weak artificial intelligence is represented by a system built to do a single task. Video games like the chess example from above and personal assistants like Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa are examples of weak AI systems. The assistant responds to your query by providing an answer.

Systems with vital artificial intelligence can do tasks that are thought to be human-like. These tend to be more intricate and challenging systems. They are trained to deal with circumstances when problem-solving may be necessary without human intervention. These sorts of technology are used in applications like self-driving automobiles and operating rooms in medical facilities.

How is AI being used today?

With varying degrees of complexity, AI is widely employed in various applications. Popular AI applications include recommendation algorithms that suggest what you might enjoy next and chatbots that can be found on websites or in the form of smart speakers (e.g., Alexa or Siri). In addition, AI is utilised to automate manufacturing processes, reduce different types of redundant cognitive work, and create forecasts for the weather and the economy (e.g., tax accounting or editing). AI is also employed for many other tasks, including language processing, autonomous driving cars, and gaming.